The ideal education for William was described in Discours sur la nourriture de S. From April 1656, the prince received daily instruction in the Reformed religion from the Calvinist preacher Cornelis Trigland, a follower of the Contra-Remonstrant theologian Gisbertus Voetius. William's education was first laid in the hands of several Dutch governesses, some of English descent, including Walburg Howard and the Scottish noblewoman, Lady Anna Mackenzie. William's mother showed little personal interest in her son, sometimes being absent for years, and had always deliberately kept herself apart from Dutch society. On 13 August 1651, the Hoge Raad van Holland en Zeeland (Supreme Court) ruled that guardianship would be shared between his mother, his grandmother and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, husband of his paternal aunt Louise Henriette. William II had intended to appoint his wife as their son's guardian in his will however, the document remained unsigned at William II's death and was therefore void. Mary wanted to name him Charles after her brother, but her mother-in-law insisted on giving him the name William ( Willem) to bolster his prospects of becoming stadtholder. Immediately, a conflict arose between his mother and his paternal grandmother, Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, over the name to be given to the infant. His mother was the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and sister of Charles II and King James II and VII.Įight days before William was born, his father died of smallpox thus William was the sovereign Prince of Orange from the moment of his birth. Baptised William Henry ( Dutch: Willem Hendrik), he was the only child of Mary, Princess Royal, and stadtholder William II, Prince of Orange. William III was born in The Hague in the Dutch Republic on 4 November 1650. William's parents, William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary, Princess Royal, 1647 Upon his death in 1702, the king was succeeded in Britain by Anne and as titular Prince of Orange by his cousin John William Friso, beginning the Second Stadtholderless Period.Įarly life Birth and family The danger was averted by placing distant relatives, the Protestant Hanoverians, in line to the throne with the Act of Settlement 1701. William's lack of children and the death in 1700 of his nephew Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, the son of his sister-in-law Anne, threatened the Protestant succession. In 1696 the Jacobites, a faction loyal to the deposed James, plotted unsuccessfully to assassinate William and restore the deposed James to the throne. During the early years of his reign, William was occupied abroad with the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), leaving Mary to govern Britain alone. William's reputation as a staunch Protestant enabled him and his wife to take power. In 1688, he landed at the south-western English port of Brixham James was deposed shortly afterward. Supported by a group of influential British political and religious leaders, William invaded England in what became known as the Glorious Revolution. James's reign was unpopular with the Protestant majority in Britain, who feared a revival of Catholicism. In 1685, his Catholic uncle and father-in-law, James, became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Many Protestants heralded William as a champion of their faith. In 1677, he married his first cousin Mary, the eldest daughter of his maternal uncle James, Duke of York, the younger brother and later successor of King Charles II.Ī Protestant, William participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic French ruler Louis XIV in coalition with both Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. His father died a week before his birth, making William III the prince of Orange from birth. William was the only child of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary, Princess Royal, the daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He ruled Britain and Ireland alongside his wife and cousin, Queen Mary II, and popular histories usually refer to their reign as that of "William and Mary". As King of Scotland, he is known as William II. William III (William Henry Dutch: Willem Hendrik 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702.
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